MRSA Disease FAQs

What is the Definition of MRSA Disease?

According to the Mayo Clinic, “MRSA infection is caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria — often called “staph.” MRSA stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It’s a strain of staph that’s resistant to the broad-spectrum antibiotics commonly used to treat it. MRSA can be fatal.”

“Most MRSA infections occur in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers. It’s known as health care-associated MRSA, or HA- MRSA. Older adults and people with weakened immune systems are at most risk of HA- MRSA. More recently, another type of MRSA has occurred among otherwise healthy people in the wider community. This form, community-associated MRSA, or CA- MRSA, is responsible for serious skin and soft tissue infections and for a serious form of pneumonia.”

How Common is MRSA?

About 0.8% (2.3 millions people) of the U.S. population is colonized with MRSA, and these people are called MRSA carriers. The proportion of health-care-associated Staphylococcal infections that are due to MRSA (known as hospitalized or HA- MRSA) rapidly increased from 2% in intensive-care units in 1974 to 64% in 2004. Approximately 126,000 hospitalizations are due to MRSA yearly. Recent data suggest that MRSA causes about 59% of all skin and soft tissue infections. Invasive (serious) MRSA infections occur in approximately 94,000 people each year and are associated with approximately 19,000 deaths, reportedly more deaths than HIV per year. Of these MRSA infections that cause death, about 86% are HA- MRSA and 14% are CA- MRSA (community-acquired MRSA ; MRSA infections that are acquired outside health-care settings).

What are the most common treatments and drugs for MRSA?

Both hospital- and community-associated strains of MRSA still respond to certain medications. In hospitals and care facilities, doctors often rely on the antibiotic vancomycin to treat resistant germs. CA- MRSA may be treated with vancomycin or other antibiotics that have proved effective against particular strains. Although vancomycin saves lives, it may become less effective as well. Some hospitals are already seeing strains of MRSA that are less easily killed by vancomycin (VRSA).

Please take a moment to view our new slide show about how NutraSilver kills MRSA in-vitro

Which Disease Kills More Americans; AIDS or MRSA? If you guessed AIDS, you would be wrong.

According to the Centers for Disease Control ( CDC), MRSA was responsible for an estimated 94,000 invasive life-threatening infections and close to 19,000 deaths (more than AIDS). MRSA annual incidence and death rates are 1.5 times HIV rates. The annual incidence MRSA in the US is 32 per 100,000, compared to HIV’s rate of 21 per 100,000. While the death rate, per 100,000, is 6.3 for MRSA and 4.4 for HIV.

What Are the Main Causes of MRSA?

WebMD states “Garden-variety staph are common bacteria that can live on our bodies. Plenty of healthy people carry staph without being infected by it. In fact, 25-30% of us have staph bacteria in our noses. But staph can be a problem if it manages to get into the body, often through a cut. Once there, it can cause an infection. Staph is one of the most common causes of skin infections in the U.S. Usually, these are minor and don’t need special treatment. Less often, staph can cause serious problems like infected wounds or pneumonia.

“Staph can usually be treated with antibiotics. But over the decades, some strains of staph — like MRSA— have become resistant to antibiotics that once destroyed it. MRSA was first discovered in 1961. It’s now resistant to methicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin, oxacillin, and many other antibiotics.”
“While some antibiotics still work, MRSA is constantly adapting. Researchers developing new antibiotics are having a tough time keeping up.” Might this signal the end of the antibiotic age and if so, what might replace it?

Who Gets MRSA?

WebMD goes on to say “MRSA is spread by contact. So you could get MRSA by touching another person who has it on the skin. Or you could get it by touching objects that have the bacteria on them. MRSA is carried, or “colonized,” by about 1% of the population, although most of them aren’t infected.”

“MRSA infections are most common among people who have weak immune systems and are living in hospitals, nursing homes, and other heath care centers. Infections can appear around surgical wounds or invasive devices, like catheters or implanted feeding tubes. Rates of infection in hospitals, especially intensive care units, are rising throughout the world. In U.S. hospitals, MRSA causes more than 60% of staph infections.”

Community-Associated MRSA (CA- MRSA)

But MRSA is also showing up in healthy people who have not been living in the hospital. This type of MRSA is called community-associated MRSA, or CA- MRSA. The CDC reports that in 2007, 14% of people with MRSA infections had CA- MRSA.

Studies have shown that rates of CA- MRSA infection are growing fast. One study of children in south Texas found that cases of CA- MRSA had a 14-fold increase between 1999 and 2001. CA- MRSA skin infections have been identified among certain populations that share close quarters or experience more skin-to-skin contact. Examples are team athletes, military recruits, and prisoners. However, more and more CA- MRSA infections are being seen in the general community as well, especially in certain geographic regions.

It’s also infecting much younger people. In a study of Minnesotans published in The Journal of the American Medical Association, the average age of people with MRSA in a hospital or health care facility was 68. But the average age of a person with CA- MRSA was only 23.

What Can Patients Do to Protect Themselves?

According to the CDC; Surgical Site Infection (SSI)

• An infection is considered to be an SSI when it occurs at the site of surgery within 30 days of an operation or within 1 year of an operation if a foreign body (e.g., an artificial heart valve or joint) is implanted as part of the surgery.
• Most SSIs (about 70%) are superficial infections involving the skin only. The remaining infections are more serious and can involve tissues under the skin, organs, or implanted material.
• The majority of SSIs do not become life-threatening.
• Patients should maintain a healthy weight, stop smoking at least 30 days prior to surgery, work with their doctors to keep blood sugar levels under control if diabetic, and take a shower or bath the day before surgery.
• Patients can also ask that doctors make sure to use antibiotics correctly during surgery and follow proper infection control practices before, during, and after surgery. This includes practicing good hand hygiene and using clippers at the incision site instead of a razor if hair removal is necessary.

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of an SSI?

• Signs and symptoms of an SSI can include fever and redness, swelling, heat, or pain at the surgical wound site.
• Drainage of cloudy fluid or sudden opening of the surgical wound can also suggest an SSI.
• Patients should receive instructions from their doctor before surgery explaining what to look for and what to do if they think they might have an infection.
  The CDC has provided this PowerPoint presentation for the general public

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